self._rpc_args = {}

        self._rpc_args.update(self._request_params)

        self._rpc_args['action'] = self._req_method

        self._rpc_args['environ'] = environ

        log.info('IP: %s Request to %s time: %.3fs' % (

            self._get_ip_addr(environ),

            get_path_info(environ), time.time() - start)

        )

        state.set_action(self._rpc_call, [])

        state.set_params(self._rpc_args)

        return state

    def _rpc_call(self, action, environ, **rpc_args):

        """

        Call the specified RPC Method

        """

        raw_response = ''

        try:

            raw_response = getattr(self, action)(**rpc_args)

            if isinstance(raw_response, HTTPError):

                self._error = str(raw_response)

        except JSONRPCError as e:

        except Exception as e:

            log.error('Encountered unhandled exception: %s',

                      traceback.format_exc(),)

            json_exc = JSONRPCError('Internal server error')

        if self._error is not None:

            raw_response = None

        response = dict(id=self._req_id, result=raw_response, error=self._error)

        try:

            return ascii_bytes(ext_json.dumps(response))

        except TypeError as e:

            log.error('API FAILED. Error encoding response for %s %s: %s\n%s', action, rpc_args, e, traceback.format_exc())

            return ascii_bytes(ext_json.dumps(

                dict(

                    id=self._req_id,

                    result=None,

                    error="Error encoding response",

                )

            ))

    def _find_method(self):

        """

        Return method named by `self._req_method` in controller if able

        """

        log.debug('Trying to find JSON-RPC method: %s', self._req_method)

        if self._req_method.startswith('_'):

            raise AttributeError("Method not allowed")

        def f_wrapped(*args, **kwargs):

            t = runner.apply_async(args=args, kwargs=kwargs)

            log.info('executing task %s in async mode - id %s', f_org, t.task_id)

            return t

    else:

        def f_wrapped(*args, **kwargs):

            log.info('executing task %s in sync', f_org.__name__)

            try:

                result = f_org(*args, **kwargs)

            except Exception as e:

                log.error('exception executing sync task %s in sync: %r', f_org.__name__, e)

                raise # TODO: return this in FakeTask as with async tasks?

            return FakeTask(result)

    return f_wrapped

def __get_lockkey(func, *fargs, **fkwargs):

    params = list(fargs)

    params.extend(['%s-%s' % ar for ar in fkwargs.items()])

    func_name = str(func.__name__) if hasattr(func, '__name__') else str(func)

    lockkey = 'task_%s.lock' % \

    return lockkey

def locked_task(func):

    def __wrapper(func, *fargs, **fkwargs):

        lockkey = __get_lockkey(func, *fargs, **fkwargs)

        lockkey_path = config.get('cache_dir') or config['app_conf']['cache_dir']  # Backward compatibility for TurboGears < 2.4

        log.info('running task with lockkey %s', lockkey)

        try:

            l = DaemonLock(os.path.join(lockkey_path, lockkey))

            ret = func(*fargs, **fkwargs)

            l.release()

            return ret

        except LockHeld:

            log.info('LockHeld')

            return 'Task with key %s already running' % lockkey

    return decorator(__wrapper, func)

def get_session():

    sa = meta.Session()

    return sa

            return []  # don't bother saving

        flash_messages = []

        session[key] = flash_messages

    if append is not None and append not in flash_messages:

        flash_messages.append(append)

    if clear:

        session.pop(key, None)

    session.save()

    return flash_messages

def flash(message, category, logf=None):

    """

    Show a message to the user _and_ log it through the specified function

    category: notice (default), warning, error, success

    logf: a custom log function - such as log.debug

    logf defaults to log.info, unless category equals 'success', in which

    case logf defaults to log.debug.

    """

    assert category in ('error', 'success', 'warning'), category

    if hasattr(message, '__html__'):

        # render to HTML for storing in cookie

    else:

        # Apply str - the message might be an exception with __str__

        # Escape, so we can trust the result without further escaping, without any risk of injection

    if logf is None:

        logf = log.info

        if category == 'success':

            logf = log.debug

    logf('Flash %s: %s', category, safe_message)

    _session_flash_messages(append=(category, safe_message))

def pop_flash_messages():

    """Return all accumulated messages and delete them from the session.

    The return value is a list of ``Message`` objects.

    """

    return [_Message(category, message) for category, message in _session_flash_messages(clear=True)]

age = lambda x, y=False: _age(x, y)

capitalize = lambda x: x.capitalize()

email = author_email

short_id = lambda x: x[:12]

hide_credentials = lambda x: ''.join(credentials_filter(x))

class RecaptchaResponse(object):

    def __init__(self, is_valid, error_code=None):

        self.is_valid = is_valid

        self.error_code = error_code

    def __repr__(self):

        return '<RecaptchaResponse:%s>' % (self.is_valid)

def submit(g_recaptcha_response, private_key, remoteip):

    """

    Submits a reCAPTCHA request for verification. Returns RecaptchaResponse for the request

    g_recaptcha_response -- The value of g_recaptcha_response from the form

    private_key -- your reCAPTCHA private key

    remoteip -- the user's IP address

    """

    if not (g_recaptcha_response and len(g_recaptcha_response)):

        return RecaptchaResponse(is_valid=False, error_code='incorrect-captcha-sol')

    def encode_if_necessary(s):

            return s.encode('utf-8')

        return s

    params = urllib.parse.urlencode({

        'secret': encode_if_necessary(private_key),

        'remoteip': encode_if_necessary(remoteip),

        'response': encode_if_necessary(g_recaptcha_response),

    }).encode('ascii')

    req = urllib.request.Request(

        url="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api/siteverify",

        data=params,

        headers={

            "Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",

            "User-agent": "reCAPTCHA Python"

        }

    )

    httpresp = urllib.request.urlopen(req)

    return_values = json.loads(httpresp.read())

    httpresp.close()

    if not (isinstance(return_values, dict)):

        return RecaptchaResponse(is_valid=False, error_code='incorrect-captcha-sol')

        val = default

    return val

def remove_suffix(s, suffix):

    if s.endswith(suffix):

        s = s[:-1 * len(suffix)]

    return s

def remove_prefix(s, prefix):

    if s.startswith(prefix):

        s = s[len(prefix):]

    return s

def age(prevdate, show_short_version=False, now=None):

    """

    turns a datetime into an age string.

    If show_short_version is True, then it will generate a not so accurate but shorter string,

    example: 2days ago, instead of 2 days and 23 hours ago.

    :param prevdate: datetime object

    :param show_short_version: if it should approximate the date and return a shorter string

    """

    now = now or datetime.datetime.now()

    order = ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second']

    deltas = {}

    future = False

    if prevdate > now:

        now, prevdate = prevdate, now

        future = True

    if future:

        prevdate = prevdate.replace(microsecond=0)

    # Get date parts deltas

    from dateutil import relativedelta

    for part in order:

        d = relativedelta.relativedelta(now, prevdate)

        deltas[part] = getattr(d, part + 's')

    # Fix negative offsets (there is 1 second between 10:59:59 and 11:00:00,

    # not 1 hour, -59 minutes and -59 seconds)

    for num, length in [(5, 60), (4, 60), (3, 24)]:  # seconds, minutes, hours

        part = order[num]

        carry_part = order[num - 1]

        if deltas[part] < 0:

            sub_value = deltas[sub_part]

        else:

            sub_value = 0

        if sub_value == 0 or show_short_version:

            if future:

                return _('in %s') % fmt_funcs[part](value)

            else:

                return _('%s ago') % fmt_funcs[part](value)

        if future:

            return _('in %s and %s') % (fmt_funcs[part](value),

                fmt_funcs[sub_part](sub_value))

        else:

            return _('%s and %s ago') % (fmt_funcs[part](value),

                fmt_funcs[sub_part](sub_value))

    return _('just now')

def uri_filter(uri):

    """

    Removes user:password from given url string

    :param uri:

    :returns: filtered list of strings

    """

    if not uri:

        return []

    proto = ''

    for pat in ('https://', 'http://', 'git://'):

        if uri.startswith(pat):

            uri = uri[len(pat):]

            proto = pat

            break

    # remove passwords and username

    uri = uri[uri.find('@') + 1:]

    # get the port

    cred_pos = uri.find(':')

    if cred_pos == -1:

        host, port = uri, None

    else:

        host, port = uri[:cred_pos], uri[cred_pos + 1:]

    return [_f for _f in [proto, host, port] if _f]

            repository object within which changeset exists

        ``raw_id``

            raw changeset representation (i.e. full 40 length sha for git

            backend)

        ``short_id``

            shortened (if apply) version of ``raw_id``; it would be simple

            shortcut for ``raw_id[:12]`` for git/mercurial backends or same

            as ``raw_id`` for subversion

        ``revision``

            revision number as integer

        ``files``

            list of ``FileNode`` (``Node`` with NodeKind.FILE) objects

        ``dirs``

            list of ``DirNode`` (``Node`` with NodeKind.DIR) objects

        ``nodes``

            combined list of ``Node`` objects

        ``author``

        ``message``

        ``parents``

            list of parent changesets

        ``last``

            ``True`` if this is last changeset in repository, ``False``

            otherwise; trying to access this attribute while there is no

            changesets would raise ``EmptyRepositoryError``

    """

    def __str__(self):

        return '<%s at %s:%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.revision,

            self.short_id)

    def __repr__(self):

        return self.__str__()

    def __eq__(self, other):

        if type(self) is not type(other):

            return False

        return self.raw_id == other.raw_id

    def __json__(self, with_file_list=False):

        if with_file_list:

            return dict(

    def _get_mtime(self):

        try:

            return time.mktime(self.get_changeset().date.timetuple())

        except RepositoryError:

            # fallback to filesystem

            cl_path = os.path.join(self.path, '.hg', "00changelog.i")

            st_path = os.path.join(self.path, '.hg', "store")

            if os.path.exists(cl_path):

                return os.stat(cl_path).st_mtime

            else:

                return os.stat(st_path).st_mtime

    def _get_revision(self, revision):

        """

        Given any revision identifier, returns a 40 char string with revision hash.

        :param revision: str or int or None

        """

        if self._empty:

            raise EmptyRepositoryError("There are no changesets yet")

        if revision in [-1, None]:

            revision = b'tip'

            revision = safe_bytes(revision)

        try:

            if isinstance(revision, int):

                return ascii_str(self._repo[revision].hex())

            return ascii_str(mercurial.scmutil.revsymbol(self._repo, revision).hex())

        except (IndexError, ValueError, mercurial.error.RepoLookupError, TypeError):

            msg = "Revision %r does not exist for %s" % (safe_str(revision), self.name)

            raise ChangesetDoesNotExistError(msg)

        except (LookupError, ):

            msg = "Ambiguous identifier `%s` for %s" % (safe_str(revision), self.name)

            raise ChangesetDoesNotExistError(msg)

    def get_ref_revision(self, ref_type, ref_name):

        """

        Returns revision number for the given reference.

        """

        if ref_type == 'rev' and not ref_name.strip('0'):

            return self.EMPTY_CHANGESET

        # lookup up the exact node id

        _revset_predicates = {

                'branch': 'branch',

                'book': 'bookmark',

                'tag': 'tag',

        """

        return len(self.data)

    def prepend(self, x):

        self.data.appendleft(x)

    def append(self, x):

        self.data.append(x)

    def extend(self, o):

        self.data.extend(o)

    def __getitem__(self, i):

        return self.data[i]

class SubprocessIOChunker(object):

    """

    Processor class wrapping handling of subprocess IO.

    In a way, this is a "communicate()" replacement with a twist.

    - We are multithreaded. Writing in and reading out, err are all sep threads.

    - We support concurrent (in and out) stream processing.

      chunks. The object behaves as an iterable. You can "for chunk in obj:" us.

    - We are non-blocking in more respects than communicate()

      (reading from subprocess out pauses when internal buffer is full, but

       does not block the parent calling code. On the flip side, reading from

       slow-yielding subprocess may block the iteration until data shows up. This

       does not block the parallel inpipe reading occurring parallel thread.)

    The purpose of the object is to allow us to wrap subprocess interactions into

    an iterable that can be passed to a WSGI server as the application's return

    value. Because of stream-processing-ability, WSGI does not have to read ALL

    of the subprocess's output and buffer it, before handing it to WSGI server for

    HTTP response. Instead, the class initializer reads just a bit of the stream

    to figure out if error occurred or likely to occur and if not, just hands the

    further iteration over subprocess output to the server for completion of HTTP

    response.

    The real or perceived subprocess error is trapped and raised as one of

    EnvironmentError family of exceptions

    Example usage:

    #    try:

    #        answer = SubprocessIOChunker(

    #            cmd,

    #            input,

        _table_args_default_dict,

    )

    SETTINGS_TYPES = {

        'str': safe_bytes,

        'int': safe_int,

        'unicode': safe_str,

        'bool': str2bool,

        'list': functools.partial(aslist, sep=',')

    }

    DEFAULT_UPDATE_URL = ''

    app_settings_id = Column(Integer(), primary_key=True)

    app_settings_name = Column(String(255), nullable=False, unique=True)

    _app_settings_value = Column("app_settings_value", Unicode(4096), nullable=False)

    _app_settings_type = Column("app_settings_type", String(255), nullable=True) # FIXME: not nullable?

    def __init__(self, key='', val='', type='unicode'):

        self.app_settings_name = key

        self.app_settings_value = val

        self.app_settings_type = type

    @validates('_app_settings_value')

    def validate_settings_value(self, key, val):

        return val

    @hybrid_property

    def app_settings_value(self):

        v = self._app_settings_value

        _type = self.app_settings_type

        converter = self.SETTINGS_TYPES.get(_type) or self.SETTINGS_TYPES['unicode']

        return converter(v)

    @app_settings_value.setter

    def app_settings_value(self, val):

        """

        Setter that will always make sure we use str in app_settings_value

        """

        self._app_settings_value = safe_str(val)

    @hybrid_property

    def app_settings_type(self):

        return self._app_settings_type

    @app_settings_type.setter

    def app_settings_type(self, val):

        if val not in self.SETTINGS_TYPES:

            raise Exception('type must be one of %s got %s'

        :param description: description of the gist

        :param owner: user who created this gist

        :param gist_mapping: mapping {filename:{'content':content},...}

        :param gist_type: type of gist private/public

        :param lifetime: in minutes, -1 == forever

        """

        owner = User.guess_instance(owner)

        gist_access_id = make_gist_access_id()

        lifetime = safe_int(lifetime, -1)

        gist_expires = time.time() + (lifetime * 60) if lifetime != -1 else -1

        log.debug('set GIST expiration date to: %s',

                  time_to_datetime(gist_expires)

                   if gist_expires != -1 else 'forever')

        # create the Database version

        gist = Gist()

        gist.gist_description = description

        gist.gist_access_id = gist_access_id

        gist.owner_id = owner.user_id

        gist.gist_expires = gist_expires

        gist.gist_type = gist_type

        Session().add(gist)

        Session().flush() # make database assign gist.gist_id

        if gist_type == Gist.GIST_PUBLIC:

            # use DB ID for easy to use GIST ID

        log.debug('Creating new %s GIST repo %s', gist_type, gist.gist_access_id)

        repo = RepoModel()._create_filesystem_repo(

            repo_name=gist.gist_access_id, repo_type='hg', repo_group=GIST_STORE_LOC)

        processed_mapping = {}

        for filename in gist_mapping:

            if filename != os.path.basename(filename):

                raise Exception('Filename cannot be inside a directory')

            content = gist_mapping[filename]['content']

            # TODO: expand support for setting explicit lexers

#             if lexer is None:

#                 try:

#                     guess_lexer = pygments.lexers.guess_lexer_for_filename

#                     lexer = guess_lexer(filename,content)

#                 except pygments.util.ClassNotFound:

#                     lexer = 'text'

            processed_mapping[filename] = {'content': content}

        # now create single multifile commit

        message = 'added file'

        message += 's: ' if len(processed_mapping) > 1 else ': '

        message += ', '.join([x for x in processed_mapping])

            self.TYPE_CHANGESET_COMMENT: _('[Comment] %(repo_name)s changeset %(short_id)s "%(message_short)s" on %(branch)s'),

            self.TYPE_MESSAGE: 'Test Message',

            # self.TYPE_PASSWORD_RESET

            self.TYPE_REGISTRATION: _('New user %(new_username)s registered'),

            # self.TYPE_DEFAULT

            self.TYPE_PULL_REQUEST: _('[Review] %(repo_name)s PR %(pr_nice_id)s "%(pr_title_short)s" from %(pr_source_branch)s by %(pr_owner_username)s'),

            self.TYPE_PULL_REQUEST_COMMENT: _('[Comment] %(repo_name)s PR %(pr_nice_id)s "%(pr_title_short)s" from %(pr_source_branch)s by %(pr_owner_username)s'),

        }

    def get_email_description(self, type_, **kwargs):

        """

        return subject for email based on given type

        """

        tmpl = self._subj_map[type_]

        try:

            subj = tmpl % kwargs

        except KeyError as e:

            log.error('error generating email subject for %r from %s: %s', type_, ', '.join(self._subj_map), e)

            raise

        # gmail doesn't do proper threading but will ignore leading square

        # bracket content ... so that is where we put status info

        bracket_tags = []

        status_change = kwargs.get('status_change')

        if status_change:

        if kwargs.get('closing_pr'):

            bracket_tags.append(_('Closing'))

        if bracket_tags:

            if subj.startswith('['):

                subj = '[' + ', '.join(bracket_tags) + ': ' + subj[1:]

            else:

                subj = '[' + ', '.join(bracket_tags) + '] ' + subj

        return subj

    def get_email_tmpl(self, type_, content_type, **kwargs):

        """

        return generated template for email based on given type

        """

        base = 'email_templates/' + self.email_types.get(type_, self.email_types[self.TYPE_DEFAULT]) + '.' + content_type

        email_template = self._tmpl_lookup.get_template(base)

        # translator and helpers inject

        _kwargs = {'_': _,

                   'h': h,

                   'c': c}

        _kwargs.update(kwargs)

        if content_type == 'html':

            _kwargs.update({

                "color_text": "#202020",

            .get_changeset('e29b67bd158580fc90fc5e9111240b90e6e86064') \

            .get_node('setup.py')

        assert node.state, NodeState.NOT_CHANGED

        assert not node.added

        assert not node.changed

        assert node.not_changed

        assert not node.removed

        # If node has REMOVED state then trying to fetch it would raise

        # ChangesetError exception

        chset = self.repo.get_changeset(

            'fa6600f6848800641328adbf7811fd2372c02ab2')

        path = 'vcs/backends/BaseRepository.py'

        with pytest.raises(NodeDoesNotExistError):

            chset.get_node(path)

        # but it would be one of ``removed`` (changeset's attribute)

        assert path in [rf.path for rf in chset.removed]

        chset = self.repo.get_changeset(

            '54386793436c938cff89326944d4c2702340037d')

        changed = ['setup.py', 'tests/test_nodes.py', 'vcs/backends/hg.py',

            'vcs/nodes.py']

        assert set(changed) == set([f.path for f in chset.changed])

        for cs in self.repo:

        for cs in self.repo:

    def test_repo_files_content_is_bytes(self):

        changeset = self.repo.get_changeset()

        for node in changeset.get_node('/'):

            if node.is_file():

                assert isinstance(node.content, bytes)

    def test_wrong_path(self):

        # There is 'setup.py' in the root dir but not there:

        path = 'foo/bar/setup.py'

        tip = self.repo.get_changeset()

        with pytest.raises(VCSError):

            tip.get_node(path)

    def test_author_email(self):

        assert 'marcin@python-blog.com' == self.repo.get_changeset('c1214f7e79e02fc37156ff215cd71275450cffc3').author_email

        assert 'lukasz.balcerzak@python-center.pl' == self.repo.get_changeset('ff7ca51e58c505fec0dd2491de52c622bb7a806b').author_email

        assert '' == self.repo.get_changeset('8430a588b43b5d6da365400117c89400326e7992').author_email

    def test_author_username(self):

        assert 'Marcin Kuzminski' == self.repo.get_changeset('c1214f7e79e02fc37156ff215cd71275450cffc3').author_name

        assert 'Lukasz Balcerzak' == self.repo.get_changeset('ff7ca51e58c505fec0dd2491de52c622bb7a806b').author_name

        assert 'marcink none@none' == self.repo.get_changeset('8430a588b43b5d6da365400117c89400326e7992').author_name

        node = chset.get_node('.hgignore')

        assert node.state, NodeState.CHANGED

        assert not node.added

        assert node.changed

        assert not node.not_changed

        assert not node.removed

        chset = self.repo.get_changeset(85)

        node = chset.get_node('setup.py')

        assert node.state, NodeState.NOT_CHANGED

        assert not node.added

        assert not node.changed

        assert node.not_changed

        assert not node.removed

        # If node has REMOVED state then trying to fetch it would raise

        # ChangesetError exception

        chset = self.repo.get_changeset(2)

        path = 'vcs/backends/BaseRepository.py'

        with pytest.raises(NodeDoesNotExistError):

            chset.get_node(path)

        # but it would be one of ``removed`` (changeset's attribute)

        assert path in [rf.path for rf in chset.removed]

        for cm in self.repo:

        for cm in self.repo:

    def test_repo_files_content_is_bytes(self):

        test_changeset = self.repo.get_changeset(100)

        for node in test_changeset.get_node('/'):

            if node.is_file():

                assert isinstance(node.content, bytes)

    def test_wrong_path(self):

        # There is 'setup.py' in the root dir but not there:

        path = 'foo/bar/setup.py'

        with pytest.raises(VCSError):

            self.repo.get_changeset().get_node(path)

    def test_archival_file(self):

        # TODO:

        pass

    def test_archival_as_generator(self):

        # TODO:

        pass

    def test_archival_wrong_kind(self):

        tip = self.repo.get_changeset()

        with pytest.raises(VCSError):

class InMemoryChangesetTestMixin(_BackendTestMixin):

    @classmethod

    def _get_commits(cls):

        # Note: this is slightly different than the regular _get_commits methods

        # as we don't actually return any commits. The creation of commits is

        # handled in the tests themselves.

        cls.nodes = [

            FileNode('foobar', content='Foo & bar'),

            FileNode('foobar2', content='Foo & bar, doubled!'),

            FileNode('foo bar with spaces', content=''),

            FileNode('foo/bar/baz', content='Inside'),

            FileNode('foo/bar/file.bin', content='\xd0\xcf\x11\xe0\xa1\xb1\x1a\xe1\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00;\x00\x03\x00\xfe\xff\t\x00\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x18\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\xfe\xff\xff\xff\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff'),

        ]

        commits = []

        return commits

    def test_add(self):

        rev_count = len(self.repo.revisions)

        to_add = [FileNode(node.path, content=node.content)

            for node in self.nodes]

        for node in to_add:

            self.imc.add(node)

        message = u'Added: %s' % ', '.join((node.path for node in self.nodes))

        changeset = self.imc.commit(message=message, author=author)

        newtip = self.repo.get_changeset()

        assert changeset == newtip

        assert rev_count + 1 == len(self.repo.revisions)

        assert newtip.message == message

        assert newtip.author == author

        assert not any((

            self.imc.added,

            self.imc.changed,

            self.imc.removed

        ))

        for node in to_add:

            assert newtip.get_node(node.path).content == node.content

    def test_add_in_bulk(self):

        rev_count = len(self.repo.revisions)

        to_add = [FileNode(node.path, content=node.content)

            for node in self.nodes]

        self.imc.add(*to_add)

        message = u'Added: %s' % ', '.join((node.path for node in self.nodes))

        changeset = self.imc.commit(message=message, author=author)

        newtip = self.repo.get_changeset()

        assert changeset == newtip

        assert rev_count + 1 == len(self.repo.revisions)

        assert newtip.message == message

        assert newtip.author == author

        assert not any((

            self.imc.added,

            self.imc.changed,

            self.imc.removed

        ))

        for node in to_add:

            assert newtip.get_node(node.path).content == node.content

    def test_add_actually_adds_all_nodes_at_second_commit_too(self):

        self.imc.add(FileNode('foo/bar/image.png', content='\0'))

        self.imc.add(FileNode('foo/README.txt', content='readme!'))

        changeset = self.imc.commit(u'Initial', u'joe.doe@example.com')

        assert isinstance(changeset.get_node('foo'), DirNode)

        assert isinstance(changeset.get_node('foo/bar'), DirNode)

        assert changeset.get_node('foo/bar/image.png').content == b'\0'

        assert changeset.get_node('foo/README.txt').content == b'readme!'

        to_add = [

            FileNode('foo/bar/foobaz/bar', content='foo'),