self.nodes = {}

        self._paths = {}

    @LazyProperty

    def bookmarks(self):

        return ()

    @LazyProperty

    def message(self):

        return safe_str(self._commit.message)

    @LazyProperty

    def committer(self):

        return safe_str(getattr(self._commit, self._committer_property))

    @LazyProperty

    def author(self):

        return safe_str(getattr(self._commit, self._author_property))

    @LazyProperty

    def date(self):

        return date_fromtimestamp(getattr(self._commit, self._date_property),

                                  getattr(self._commit, self._date_tz_property))

    @LazyProperty

    def _timestamp(self):

        return getattr(self._commit, self._date_property)

    @LazyProperty

    def status(self):

        """

        Returns modified, added, removed, deleted files for current changeset

        """

        return self.changed, self.added, self.removed

    @LazyProperty

    def tags(self):

        _tags = []

        for tname, tsha in self.repository.tags.items():

            if tsha == self.raw_id:

                _tags.append(tname)

        return _tags

    @LazyProperty

    def branch(self):

        # Note: This function will return one branch name for the changeset -

        # that might not make sense in Git where branches() is a better match

        # for the basic model

        heads = self.repository._heads(reverse=False)

        ref = heads.get(self._commit.id)

        if ref:

            return safe_str(ref)

    @LazyProperty

    def branches(self):

        heads = self.repository._heads(reverse=True)

        return [safe_str(b) for b in heads if heads[b] == self._commit.id] # FIXME: Inefficient ... and returning None!

    def _get_id_for_path(self, path):

        # FIXME: Please, spare a couple of minutes and make those codes cleaner;

        if path not in self._paths:

            path = path.strip('/')

            # set root tree

            tree = self.repository._repo[self._tree_id]

            if path == '':

                self._paths[''] = tree.id

                return tree.id

            splitted = path.split('/')

            dirs, name = splitted[:-1], splitted[-1]

            curdir = ''

            # initially extract things from root dir

            for item, stat, id in tree.items():

                name = safe_str(item)

                if curdir:

                    name = '/'.join((curdir, name))

                self._paths[name] = id

                self._stat_modes[name] = stat

            for dir in dirs:

                if curdir:

                    curdir = '/'.join((curdir, dir))

                else:

                    curdir = dir

                dir_id = None

                for item, stat, id in tree.items():

                    name = safe_str(item)

                    if dir == name:

                        dir_id = id

                if dir_id:

                    # Update tree

                    tree = self.repository._repo[dir_id]

                    if not isinstance(tree, objects.Tree):

                        raise ChangesetError('%s is not a directory' % curdir)

                else:

                    raise ChangesetError('%s have not been found' % curdir)

                # cache all items from the given traversed tree

                for item, stat, id in tree.items():

                    name = safe_str(item)

                    if curdir:

                        name = '/'.join((curdir, name))

                    self._paths[name] = id

                    self._stat_modes[name] = stat

            if path not in self._paths:

                raise NodeDoesNotExistError("There is no file nor directory "

                    "at the given path '%s' at revision %s"

                    % (path, self.short_id))

        return self._paths[path]

    def _get_kind(self, path):

        obj = self.repository._repo[self._get_id_for_path(path)]

        if isinstance(obj, objects.Blob):

            return NodeKind.FILE

        elif isinstance(obj, objects.Tree):

            return NodeKind.DIR

    def _get_filectx(self, path):

        path = path.rstrip('/')

        if self._get_kind(path) != NodeKind.FILE:

            raise ChangesetError("File does not exist for revision %s at "

                " '%s'" % (self.raw_id, path))

        return path

    def _get_file_nodes(self):

        return chain(*(t[2] for t in self.walk()))

    @LazyProperty

    def parents(self):

        """

        Returns list of parents changesets.

        """

        return [self.repository.get_changeset(ascii_str(parent_id))

                for parent_id in self._commit.parents]

    @LazyProperty

    def children(self):

        """

        Returns list of children changesets.

        """

        rev_filter = settings.GIT_REV_FILTER

        so = self.repository.run_git_command(

            ['rev-list', rev_filter, '--children']

        )

        return [

            self.repository.get_changeset(cs)

            for parts in (l.split(' ') for l in so.splitlines())

            if parts[0] == self.raw_id

            for cs in parts[1:]

        ]

    def next(self, branch=None):

        if branch and self.branch != branch:

            raise VCSError('Branch option used on changeset not belonging '

                           'to that branch')

        cs = self

        while True:

            try:

                next_ = cs.revision + 1

                next_rev = cs.repository.revisions[next_]

            except IndexError:

                raise ChangesetDoesNotExistError

            cs = cs.repository.get_changeset(next_rev)

            if not branch or branch == cs.branch:

                return cs

    def prev(self, branch=None):

        if branch and self.branch != branch:

            raise VCSError('Branch option used on changeset not belonging '

                           'to that branch')

        cs = self

        while True:

            try:

                prev_ = cs.revision - 1

                if prev_ < 0:

                    raise IndexError

                prev_rev = cs.repository.revisions[prev_]

            except IndexError:

                raise ChangesetDoesNotExistError

            cs = cs.repository.get_changeset(prev_rev)

            if not branch or branch == cs.branch:

                return cs

    def diff(self, ignore_whitespace=True, context=3):

        # Only used to feed diffstat

        rev1 = self.parents[0] if self.parents else self.repository.EMPTY_CHANGESET

        rev2 = self

                                    ignore_whitespace=ignore_whitespace,

    def get_file_mode(self, path):

        """

        Returns stat mode of the file at the given ``path``.

        """

        # ensure path is traversed

        self._get_id_for_path(path)

        return self._stat_modes[path]

    def get_file_content(self, path):

        """

        Returns content of the file at given ``path``.

        """

        id = self._get_id_for_path(path)

        blob = self.repository._repo[id]

        return blob.as_pretty_string()

    def get_file_size(self, path):

        """

        Returns size of the file at given ``path``.

        """

        id = self._get_id_for_path(path)

        blob = self.repository._repo[id]

        return blob.raw_length()

    def get_file_changeset(self, path):

        """

        Returns last commit of the file at the given ``path``.

        """

        return self.get_file_history(path, limit=1)[0]

    def get_file_history(self, path, limit=None):

        """

        Returns history of file as reversed list of ``Changeset`` objects for

        which file at given ``path`` has been modified.

        TODO: This function now uses os underlying 'git' and 'grep' commands

        which is generally not good. Should be replaced with algorithm

        iterating commits.

        """

        self._get_filectx(path)

        if limit is not None:

            cmd = ['log', '-n', str(safe_int(limit, 0)),

                   '--pretty=format:%H', '-s', self.raw_id, '--', path]

        else:

            cmd = ['log',

                   '--pretty=format:%H', '-s', self.raw_id, '--', path]

        so = self.repository.run_git_command(cmd)

        ids = re.findall(r'[0-9a-fA-F]{40}', so)

        return [self.repository.get_changeset(sha) for sha in ids]

    def get_file_history_2(self, path):

        """

        Returns history of file as reversed list of ``Changeset`` objects for

        which file at given ``path`` has been modified.

        """

        self._get_filectx(path)

        from dulwich.walk import Walker

        include = [self.raw_id]

        walker = Walker(self.repository._repo.object_store, include,

                        paths=[path], max_entries=1)

        return [self.repository.get_changeset(ascii_str(x.commit.id.decode))

                for x in walker]

    def get_file_annotate(self, path):

        """

        Returns a generator of four element tuples with

            lineno, sha, changeset lazy loader and line

        """

        # TODO: This function now uses os underlying 'git' command which is

        # generally not good. Should be replaced with algorithm iterating

        # commits.

        cmd = ['blame', '-l', '--root', '-r', self.raw_id, '--', path]

        # -l     ==> outputs long shas (and we need all 40 characters)

        # --root ==> doesn't put '^' character for boundaries

        # -r sha ==> blames for the given revision

        so = self.repository.run_git_command(cmd)

        for i, blame_line in enumerate(so.split('\n')[:-1]):

            sha, line = re.split(r' ', blame_line, 1)

            yield (i + 1, sha, lambda sha=sha: self.repository.get_changeset(sha), line)

    def fill_archive(self, stream=None, kind='tgz', prefix=None,

                     subrepos=False):

        """

        Fills up given stream.

        :param stream: file like object.

        :param kind: one of following: ``zip``, ``tgz`` or ``tbz2``.

            Default: ``tgz``.

        :param prefix: name of root directory in archive.

            Default is repository name and changeset's raw_id joined with dash

            (``repo-tip.<KIND>``).

        :param subrepos: include subrepos in this archive.

        :raise ImproperArchiveTypeError: If given kind is wrong.

        :raise VcsError: If given stream is None

        """

        allowed_kinds = settings.ARCHIVE_SPECS

        if kind not in allowed_kinds:

            raise ImproperArchiveTypeError('Archive kind not supported use one'

                'of %s' % ' '.join(allowed_kinds))

        if stream is None:

            raise VCSError('You need to pass in a valid stream for filling'

                           ' with archival data')

        if prefix is None:

            prefix = '%s-%s' % (self.repository.name, self.short_id)

        elif prefix.startswith('/'):

            raise VCSError("Prefix cannot start with leading slash")

        elif prefix.strip() == '':

            raise VCSError("Prefix cannot be empty")

        if kind == 'zip':

            frmt = 'zip'

        else:

            frmt = 'tar'

        _git_path = settings.GIT_EXECUTABLE_PATH

        cmd = '%s archive --format=%s --prefix=%s/ %s' % (_git_path,

                                                frmt, prefix, self.raw_id)

        if kind == 'tgz':

            cmd += ' | gzip -9'

        elif kind == 'tbz2':

            cmd += ' | bzip2 -9'

        if stream is None:

            raise VCSError('You need to pass in a valid stream for filling'

                           ' with archival data')

        popen = Popen(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, shell=True,

                      cwd=self.repository.path)

        buffer_size = 1024 * 8

        chunk = popen.stdout.read(buffer_size)

        while chunk:

            stream.write(chunk)

            chunk = popen.stdout.read(buffer_size)

        # Make sure all descriptors would be read

        popen.communicate()

    def get_nodes(self, path):

        """

        Returns combined ``DirNode`` and ``FileNode`` objects list representing

        state of changeset at the given ``path``. If node at the given ``path``

        is not instance of ``DirNode``, ChangesetError would be raised.

        """

        if self._get_kind(path) != NodeKind.DIR:

            raise ChangesetError("Directory does not exist for revision %s at "

                " '%s'" % (self.revision, path))

        path = path.rstrip('/')

        id = self._get_id_for_path(path)

        tree = self.repository._repo[id]

        dirnodes = []

        filenodes = []

        als = self.repository.alias

        for name, stat, id in tree.items():

            obj_path = safe_str(name)

            if path != '':

                obj_path = '/'.join((path, obj_path))

            if objects.S_ISGITLINK(stat):

                root_tree = self.repository._repo[self._tree_id]

                cf = ConfigFile.from_file(BytesIO(self.repository._repo.get_object(root_tree[b'.gitmodules'][1]).data))

                url = ascii_str(cf.get(('submodule', obj_path), 'url'))

                dirnodes.append(SubModuleNode(obj_path, url=url, changeset=ascii_str(id),

                                              alias=als))

                continue

            obj = self.repository._repo.get_object(id)

            if obj_path not in self._stat_modes:

                self._stat_modes[obj_path] = stat

            if isinstance(obj, objects.Tree):

                dirnodes.append(DirNode(obj_path, changeset=self))

            elif isinstance(obj, objects.Blob):

                filenodes.append(FileNode(obj_path, changeset=self, mode=stat))

            else:

                raise ChangesetError("Requested object should be Tree "

                                     "or Blob, is %r" % type(obj))

        nodes = dirnodes + filenodes

        for node in nodes:

            if node.path not in self.nodes:

                self.nodes[node.path] = node

        nodes.sort()

        return nodes

    def get_node(self, path):

        """

        Returns ``Node`` object from the given ``path``. If there is no node at

        the given ``path``, ``ChangesetError`` would be raised.