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Mads Kiilerich

auth: only use X- headers instead of wsgi.url_scheme if explicitly told so in url_scheme_header - drop https_fixup setting

Before, several X- headers would be trusted to overrule the actual connection
protocol (http or https) seen by the Kallithea WSGI server. That was mainly
when https_fixup were set, but it incorrectly also kicked in if https_fixup or
use_htsts were configured. The ambiguity of which headers were used also made
it less reliable. The proxy server not only had to be configured to set one of
the headers correctly, it also had to make sure other headers were not passed
on from the client. It would thus in some cases be possible for clients to fake
the connection scheme, and thus potentially be possible to bypass restrictions
configured in Kallithea.

Fixed by making it configurable which WSGI environment variable to use for the
protocol. Users can configure url_scheme_header to for example
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO instead of using the default wsgi.url_scheme .

This change is a bit similar to what is going on in the https_fixup middleware,
but is doing a bit more of what for example is happening in similar code in
werkzeug/middleware/proxy_fix.py .

The semantics of the old https_fixup were unsafe, so it has been dropped.
Admins that are upgrading must change their configuration to use the new
url_scheme_header option.

.. _email:

==============
Email settings
==============

The Kallithea configuration file has several email related settings. When
these contain correct values, Kallithea will send email in the situations
described below. If the email configuration is not correct so that emails
cannot be sent, all mails will show up in the log output.

Before any email can be sent, an SMTP server has to be configured using the
configuration file setting ``smtp_server``. If required for that server, specify
a username (``smtp_username``) and password (``smtp_password``), a non-standard
port (``smtp_port``), whether to use "SSL" when connecting (``smtp_use_ssl``)
or use STARTTLS (``smtp_use_tls``), and/or specify special ESMTP "auth" features
(``smtp_auth``).

For example, for sending through gmail, use::

    smtp_server = smtp.gmail.com
    smtp_username = username
    smtp_password = password
    smtp_port = 465
    smtp_use_ssl = true


Application emails
------------------

Kallithea sends an email to `users` on several occasions:

- when comments are given on one of their changesets
- when comments are given on changesets they are reviewer on or on which they
  commented regardless
- when they are invited as reviewer in pull requests
- when they request a password reset

Kallithea sends an email to all `administrators` upon new account registration.
Administrators are users with the ``Admin`` flag set on the *Admin > Users*
page.

When Kallithea wants to send an email but due to an error cannot correctly
determine the intended recipients, the administrators and the addresses
specified in ``email_to`` in the configuration file are used as fallback.

Recipients will see these emails originating from the sender specified in the
``app_email_from`` setting in the configuration file. This setting can either
contain only an email address, like `kallithea-noreply@example.com`, or both
a name and an address in the following format: `Kallithea
<kallithea-noreply@example.com>`. However, if the email is sent due to an
action of a particular user, for example when a comment is given or a pull
request created, the name of that user will be combined with the email address
specified in ``app_email_from`` to form the sender (and any name part in that
configuration setting disregarded).

The subject of these emails can optionally be prefixed with the value of
``email_prefix`` in the configuration file.

A Kallithea-specific header indicating the email type will be added to each
email. This header can be used for email filtering. The header is of the form:

    X-Kallithea-Notification-Type: <type>

where ``<type>`` is one of:

- ``pull_request``: you are invited as reviewer in a pull request
- ``pull_request_comment``: a comment was given on a pull request
- ``cs_comment``: a comment was given on a changeset
- ``registration``: a new user was registered
- ``message``: another type of email


Error emails
------------

When an exception occurs in Kallithea -- and unless interactive debugging is
enabled using ``set debug = true`` in the ``[app:main]`` section of the
configuration file -- an email with exception details is sent by backlash_
to the addresses specified in ``email_to`` in the configuration file.

Recipients will see these emails originating from the sender specified in the
``error_email_from`` setting in the configuration file. This setting can either
contain only an email address, like `kallithea-noreply@example.com`, or both
a name and an address in the following format: `Kallithea Errors
<kallithea-noreply@example.com>`.


References
----------

- `Error Middleware (Pylons documentation) <https://pylons-webframework.readthedocs.io/en/latest/debugging.html#error-middleware>`_
- `ErrorHandler (Pylons modules documentation) <https://pylons-webframework.readthedocs.io/en/latest/modules/middleware.html#pylons.middleware.ErrorHandler>`_


.. _backlash: https://github.com/TurboGears/backlash