.. _overview:

=====================
Installation Overview
=====================


Some overview and some details that can help understanding the options when
installing Kallithea.


Python Environment
------------------

**Kallithea** is written entirely in Python_ and requires Python version
2.6 or higher. Python 3.x is currently not supported.

Given a Python installation, there are different ways of providing the
environment for running Python applications. Each of them pretty much
corresponds to a ``site-packages`` directory somewhere where packages can be
installed.

Kallithea itself can be run from source or be installed, but even when running
from source, there are some dependencies that must be installed in the Python
environment used for running Kallithea.

- Packages *could* be installed in Python's ``site-packages`` directory ... but
  that would require running pip_ as root and it would be hard to uninstall or
  upgrade and is probably not a good idea unless using a package manager.

- Packages could also be installed in ``~/.local`` ... but that is probably
  only a good idea if using a dedicated user per application or instance.

- Finally, it can be installed in a virtualenv_. That is a very lightweight
  "container" where each Kallithea instance can get its own dedicated and
  self-contained virtual environment.

We recommend using virtualenv for installing Kallithea.


Installation Methods
--------------------

Kallithea must be installed on a server. Kallithea is installed in a Python
environment so it can use packages that are installed there and make itself
available for other packages.

Two different cases will pretty much cover the options for how it can be
installed.

- The Kallithea source repository can be cloned and used - it is kept stable and
  can be used in production. The Kallithea maintainers use the development
  branch in production. The advantage of installation from source and regularly
  updating it is that you take advantage of the most recent improvements. Using
  it directly from a DVCS also means that it is easy to track local customizations.

  Running ``setup.py develop`` in the source will use pip to install the
  necessary dependencies in the Python environment and create a
  ``.../site-packages/Kallithea.egg-link`` file there that points at the Kallithea
  source.

- Kallithea can also be installed from ready-made packages using a package manager.
  The official released versions are available on PyPI_ and can be downloaded and
  installed with all dependencies using ``pip install kallithea``.

  With this method, Kallithea is installed in the Python environment as any
  other package, usually as a ``.../site-packages/Kallithea-X-py2.7.egg/``
  directory with Python files and everything else that is needed.

  (``pip install kallithea`` from a source tree will do pretty much the same
  but build the Kallithea package itself locally instead of downloading it.)


Web Server
----------

Kallithea is (primarily) a WSGI_ application that must be run from a web
server that expose WSGI as HTTP.

- Kallithea uses the Paste_ tool for some admin tasks. Paste provides ``paste
  serve`` as a convenient way to launch Python WSGI / web servers.
  This method is perfect for development but *can* also be used for production.

  ``paste`` is a command line tool. Using it in production requires some way to
  wrap it as a managable service.

  Paste come with its own web server but Kallithea defaults to use Waitress_.
  Gunicorn_ is also an option. These web servers have different limited feature
  sets.

  It is also common/mandatory to put another web server or (reverse) proxy in
  front of these Python web servers. Nginx_ is a common choice. This simple
  setup will thus often end up being quite complex.

  The configuration of which web server to use is in the ini file passed to
  ``paste``. The entry point for the WSGI application is configured in
  ``setup.py`` as ``kallithea.config.middleware:make_app``.

- `Apache httpd`_ can serve WSGI applications directly using mod_wsgi_ and a
  simple Python file with the necessary configuration. This is a good option if
  Apache is an option.

- IIS_ can also server WSGI applications directly using isapi-wsgi_.

- UWSGI_ is also an option.

The best option depends on what you are familiar with and the requirements for
performance and stability. Also, keep in mind that Kallithea mainly is serving
custom data generated from relatively slow Python process. Kallithea is also
often used inside organizations with a limited amount of users and thus no
continuous hammering from the internet.


.. _Python: http://www.python.org/
.. _Gunicorn: http://gunicorn.org/
.. _Waitress: http://waitress.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
.. _virtualenv: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv
.. _Paste: http://pythonpaste.org/
.. _PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi
.. _Apache httpd: http://httpd.apache.org/
.. _mod_wsgi: https://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/
.. _isapi-wsgi: https://github.com/hexdump42/isapi-wsgi
.. _UWSGI: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
.. _nginx: http://nginx.org/en/
.. _iis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Information_Services
.. _pip: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pip_%28package_manager%29
.. _WSGI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface
.. _pylons: http://www.pylonsproject.org/