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Alessandro Molina
backend: replace Pylons with TurboGears2

Replace the no-longer-supported Pylons application framework by TurboGears2
which is largely compatible/similar to Pylons.
Some interesting history is described at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurboGears

Changes by Dominik Ruf:
- fix sql config in test.ini

Changes by Thomas De Schampheleire:
- set-up of test suite
- tests: 'fix' repo archival test failure
Between Pylons and TurboGears2, there seems to be a small difference in the
headers sent for repository archive files, related to character encoding.
It is assumed that this difference is not important, and that the test
should just align with reality.
- remove need to import helpers/app_globals in lib
TurboGears2 by default expects helpers and app_globals to be available
in lib. For this reason kallithea/lib/__init__.py was originally changed
to include those files. However, this triggered several types of
circular import problems. If module A imported something from lib (e.g.
lib.annotate), and lib.helpers imported (possibly indirectly) module A,
then there was a circular import. Fix this by overruling the relevant
method of tg AppConfig, which is also hinted in the TurboGears2 code.
Hereby, the include of something from lib does not automatically import
helpers, greatly reducing the chances of circular import problems.
- make sure HTTP error '400' uses the custom error pages
TurboGears2 does not by default handle HTTP status code
'400 (Bad Request)' via the custom error page handling, causing a
standard non-styled error page.
- disable transaction manager
Kallithea currently handles its own transactions and does not need the
TurboGears2 transaction manager. However, TurboGears2 tries to enable it
by default and fails, throwing an error during application initialization.
The error itself seemed to be harmless for normal application functioning,
but was nevertheless confusing.
- add backlash as required dependency: backlash is meant as the WebError
replacement in TurboGears2 (originally WebError is part of Pylons). When
debug==true, it provides an interactive debugger in the browser. When
debug==false, backlash is necessary to show backtraces on the console.
- misc fixes
.. _statistics:

=====================
Repository statistics
=====================

Kallithea has a *repository statistics* feature, disabled by default. When
enabled, the amount of commits per committer is visualized in a timeline. This
feature can be enabled using the ``Enable statistics`` checkbox on the
repository ``Settings`` page.

The statistics system makes heavy demands on the server resources, so
in order to keep a balance between usability and performance, statistics are
cached inside the database and gathered incrementally.

When Celery is disabled:

  On each first visit to the summary page a set of 250 commits are parsed and
  added to the statistics cache. This incremental gathering also happens on each
  visit to the statistics page, until all commits are fetched.

  Statistics are kept cached until additional commits are added to the
  repository. In such a case Kallithea will only fetch the new commits when
  updating its statistics cache.

When Celery is enabled:

  On the first visit to the summary page, Kallithea will create tasks that will
  execute on Celery workers. These tasks will gather all of the statistics until
  all commits are parsed. Each task parses 250 commits, then launches a new
  task.